Everything about Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze totally explained
Grigoriy Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (
Georgian: გრიგოლ (სერგო) ორჯონიკიძე - Grigol (Sergo) Orjonikidze,
Russian: Григорий Константинович Орджоникидзе), generally known as
Sergo Ordzhonikidze (Серго) (–
February 18,
1937) was a member of the
Politburo, and close friend to
Stalin. Ordzhonikidze, Stalin and
Anastas Mikoyan comprised what was jokingly referred to as the "Caucasian Clique".
Born in
Kharagauli, Western
Georgia, Ordzhonikidze became involved in radical politics in
1903, and after graduating as a doctor from the Mikhailov Hospital Medical School in
Tiflis, was arrested for arms transferring. He was released and went to
Germany, but in
1907 returned to Russia and settled in
Baku where he worked with Stalin and others. Sergo participated in the
Persian Constitutional Revolution on a mission by the
Bolshevik party and stayed in
Tehran for a while (around 1909), and later in
1920-
1921 in establishing the
Socialist Republic of Gilan (
Iran).
He was arrested for being a member of the
Social Democratic Party and deported to
Siberia, but managed to escape 3 years later. He returned with Stalin to
St. Petersburg in April
1912, but again was apprehended and sentenced to 3 years hard labour. During the course of the
Russian Civil War, he became a
commissar for the
Ukraine and took part in fighting in the
Caucasus, where he'd later help establish
Soviet power in states such as
Armenia. In
1921 he led a
Bolshevik invasion of the
Democratic Republic of Georgia and established the
Socialist Republic of Georgia. Later, he fought to reduce Georgian autonomy from the
Russian SFSR and hence became a key figure involved in the
Georgian Affair of 1922.
Ordzhonikidze was appointed to the
Politburo in
1926, but by
1936 Stalin began to question his loyalty; specifically when he discovered that Ordzhonikidze was using his influence to protect certain figures that were under investigation by the
NKVD. Meanwhile, rumours had been spreading that Ordzhonikidze planned to denounce Stalin in his speech at the April 1937 Plenum. Ordzhonikidze was found dead before he could make his speech; his death was ruled a suicide. According to
Khrushchev's memoirs, Ordzhonikidze revealed to
Anastas Mikoyan (a fellow Caucasian Party member) the night before his suicide, that he could no longer deal with what was going on in the Party, namely the arbitrary murders of Party members.
Several towns in the
USSR were renamed
Ordzhonikidze after him, such as
Vladikavkaz.
Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) was named in honour of Sergo Ordzhonikidze.
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